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Animal Physiology : From Genes to Organisms
This book provides a comprehensive introduction to animal physiology, integrating molecular, cellular, and organismal perspectives. It explains how genes, proteins, cells, tissues, and organ systems interact to produce physiological functions in animals. Topics include membrane transport, nerve and muscle physiology, circulation, respiration, digestion, metabolism, osmoregulation, endocrine regulation, and reproduction. Emphasis is placed on comparative physiology and adaptive mechanisms that enable animals to survive in diverse environments. The text is designed for undergraduate and graduate students in biology and related life science disciplines.
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